Basically the story goes that planes would fly to the battle field and come back with bullet holes. Experts started charting where the bullet holes (as you can see in the top image) and decided to reinforce the armor in those areas since they were “the most commonly struck by bullets”. Makes sense!!! Exceptttttt… those were the planes that survived, meaning that the bullet we see in the image do not explain why planes fall in battle. Places that have no bullet holes in the image are the areas that, when struck by a bullet, would cause the plane to fall. When they started reinforcing the areas that have no bullets in the image, “plane survival” increased significantly.
Slight correction: I don’t believe anyone ever actually made the mistake during the war; i think survivorship statistics were in fact first analysed correctly, rather than incorrectly! But obviously it makes a good story the other way :P
The mathematics behind the statistical analysis of suvivorship bias were so important that the paper first describing the phenomenon was classified right away.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivorship_bias
Basically the story goes that planes would fly to the battle field and come back with bullet holes. Experts started charting where the bullet holes (as you can see in the top image) and decided to reinforce the armor in those areas since they were “the most commonly struck by bullets”. Makes sense!!! Exceptttttt… those were the planes that survived, meaning that the bullet we see in the image do not explain why planes fall in battle. Places that have no bullet holes in the image are the areas that, when struck by a bullet, would cause the plane to fall. When they started reinforcing the areas that have no bullets in the image, “plane survival” increased significantly.
I hope my explanation is understandable!
Slight correction: I don’t believe anyone ever actually made the mistake during the war; i think survivorship statistics were in fact first analysed correctly, rather than incorrectly! But obviously it makes a good story the other way :P
The mathematics behind the statistical analysis of suvivorship bias were so important that the paper first describing the phenomenon was classified right away.
Excellent explanation!